# CVE-2023-25158 — geotools

> As of 2025-03-10, CVE-2023-25158 is a CRITICAL-severity vulnerability in geotools, CVSS v3.1 9.8, EPSS 1.0% (64.5th percentile). Threadlinqs Intelligence links 2 tracked threat campaigns to CVE-2023-25158, most recently “Unpatched GeoServer Zero-Day SQL Injection in jsonArrayContains (GHSA-mqjf-5f49-2fjh) Enables Unauthenticated RCE via PostGIS”.

**Last updated:** 2025-03-10

## What is CVE-2023-25158?

GeoTools is an open source Java library that provides tools for geospatial data. GeoTools includes support for OGC Filter expression language parsing, encoding and execution against a range of datastore. SQL Injection Vulnerabilities have been found when executing OGC Filters with JDBCDataStore implementations. Users are advised to upgrade to either version 27.4 or to 28.2 to resolve this issue. Users unable to upgrade may disable `encode functions` for PostGIS DataStores or enable `prepared statements` for JDBCDataStores as a partial mitigation.

The record classifies CVE-2023-25158 under weakness class [CWE-89](https://intel.threadlinqs.com/cwe/CWE-89). Its CVSS v3 base vector states that the flaw is reachable remotely over the network, needs no prior authentication, needs no user interaction, and has high impact on confidentiality, integrity, availability. 1 affected-product entry is recorded, across 1 vendor, listed below. The identifier was first published 1340 days ago.

## Severity and exploitation probability

- **CVSS v3.1 base score:** 9.8 — CRITICAL (`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`)
- **EPSS (FIRST):** 1.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, higher than 64.5% of all scored CVEs
- **CISA KEV:** Not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog
- **Threadlinqs priority:** 9.5/10 — a Threadlinqs composite of the CVSS base score, the EPSS percentile and public exploit availability
- **Published:** 2023-02-21, last modified 2025-03-10

## Is CVE-2023-25158 being exploited?

Weaponised exploit code for CVE-2023-25158 is publicly available. 1 public proof-of-concept repository is tracked for this identifier. It currently carries a trending score of 34 in the Threadlinqs vulnerability feed.

- [trickest/cve](https://github.com/trickest/cve/blob/main/2023/CVE-2023-25158.md) (trickest)

## Affected products and versions

- **geotools**: geotools

Affected software packages:

- `maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc` — patched in 28.2
- `maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc` — patched in 27.4
- `maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc` — patched in 26.7
- `maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc` — patched in 25.7
- `maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc` — patched in 24.7

## How to fix CVE-2023-25158

The record marks a vendor fix as available for CVE-2023-25158. Fixed versions are recorded for 5 packages: maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc 28.2, maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc 27.4, maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc 26.7, maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc 25.7, maven:org.geotools:gt-jdbc 24.7. Patch reference: [https://github.com/geotools/geotools/commit/64fb4c47f43ca818c2fe96a94651bff1b3b3ed2b](https://github.com/geotools/geotools/commit/64fb4c47f43ca818c2fe96a94651bff1b3b3ed2b). Vendor advisory: [https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-99c3-qc2q-p94m](https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-99c3-qc2q-p94m). Apply the vendor fix referenced above to every affected product listed in this record, then confirm the running version against the vendor advisory.

## Threat activity tracking CVE-2023-25158

2 tracked threats in the Threadlinqs corpus reference CVE-2023-25158, either in the campaign’s CVE list or as an indicator on the campaign record.

- [Unpatched GeoServer Zero-Day SQL Injection in jsonArrayContains (GHSA-mqjf-5f49-2fjh) Enables Unauthenticated RCE via PostGIS](https://intel.threadlinqs.com/threat/TL-2026-2035) — CRITICAL · 2026-08-16
- [Unpatched GeoServer Zero-Day SQL Injection (jsonArrayContains, GHSA-mqjf-5f49-2fjh) Under Active Exploitation](https://intel.threadlinqs.com/threat/TL-2026-2037) — CRITICAL · 2026-08-13

## Sources

Enriched from CVE.org, NVD, FIRST EPSS, GitHub Security Advisories, public proof-of-concept repositories. Last verified by Threadlinqs on 2026-10-10. This product uses the NVD API but is not endorsed or certified by the NVD.

**Vendor advisory and patch**

- [github.com](https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-99c3-qc2q-p94m)

**Other references**

- [github.com](https://github.com/geotools/geotools/commit/64fb4c47f43ca818c2fe96a94651bff1b3b3ed2b)

Canonical: https://intel.threadlinqs.com/cve/CVE-2023-25158
Full detection coverage and IOCs for threats exploiting CVE-2023-25158 via the Threadlinqs MCP server (Purple tier): https://intel.threadlinqs.com/mcp