# CISA, NSA, JPCERT/CC, NCSC-NL and NCSC-UK Publish Joint Guidance: Establishing a Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure Program to Work With Security Researchers

> On July 15, 2026, CISA and four allied national cyber authorities (US NSA, Japan's JPCERT/CC, the Netherlands' NCSC-NL, and the UK's NCSC) jointly published guidance urging software manufacturers and online service providers to formalize coordinated vulnerability disclosure (CVD) programs. The guidance recommends security.txt contact files, defined researcher-acknowledgment SLAs, safe-harbor language, CVE assignment for internally found bugs, exploitability-based patch prioritization, and CSAF-based public advisory publication, and was informed in part by CISA's own May 2026 AWS GovCloud credential-exposure incident involving contractor Nightwing.

- **Published:** 2026-07-16T00:00:00Z
- **Last reviewed:** 2026-07-16T00:00:00Z
- **Canonical:** https://intel.threadlinqs.com/threat/TL-2026-1419
- **ID:** TL-2026-1419
- **Severity:** INFO
- **Category:** THREAT_INTEL
- **Status:** ACTIVE
- **Detections:** 9 · **IOCs:** 23 (full data via the Threadlinqs MCP server — Purple tier)

## Description

CISA, in partnership with the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), Japan Computer Emergency Response Team Coordination Center (JPCERT/CC), the Netherlands' National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NL), and the UK's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-UK), published "Establishing a Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure Program to Work With Security Researchers" on July 15, 2026. The guidance targets the full CVD operational chain: receiving vulnerability reports, communicating with researchers, triaging findings, developing fixes, coordinating disclosure timing, and assigning CVE identifiers. Concrete recommendations include publishing an RFC 9116-compliant security.txt file with machine- and human-readable researcher contact information; acknowledging researcher outreach within 2-3 business days; offering explicit safe-harbor assurances that good-faith testing will not be treated as unauthorized access under laws such as the U.S. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act; setting the widest reasonable testing scope; separating vulnerability-disclosure intake from general customer support so reports are not lost in unrelated ticket queues; issuing CVE identifiers for internally discovered vulnerabilities and not just externally reported ones; publishing advisories via the Common Security Advisory Framework (CSAF) and never paywalling them; avoiding blanket non-disclosure agreements or silent, undocumented fixes; and, on the remediation side, prioritizing fixes by exploitability and real attack-path viability rather than CVSS severity scores alone, validating compensating controls when patches are not yet available, and verifying that remediation actually eliminates the exploitable attack path rather than merely confirming a patch was applied. CISA framed the guidance as an extension of its Secure by Design initiative, which pushes technology providers to take greater ownership of vulnerability identification and remediation rather than externalizing that cost to customers and researchers.

The guidance's timing and framing are directly informed by an incident involving CISA itself. A GitHub account, created in approximately September 2018, was used by CISA contractor Nightwing (a government contractor based in Dulles, Virginia) to host a public repository named "Private-CISA," established/exposed on November 13, 2025 and left public for roughly six months. The repository contained approximately 844 MB of internal data, including Kubernetes configuration files, GitHub Actions workflows, internal documentation backups, SSH keys, tokens, and configuration files. Two files were particularly sensitive: "importantAWStokens," containing administrative credentials for three AWS GovCloud servers, and "AWS-Workspace-Firefox-Passwords.csv," a plaintext list of usernames and passwords for numerous internal CISA systems, including CISA's internal "artifactory" code-package repository and the "LZ-DSO" (Landing Zone DevSecOps) environment. Many of the exposed plaintext passwords followed a weak, predictable convention combining a platform name with the current year. Commit history reviewed by GitGuardian researcher Guillaume Valadon showed the contractor operator had deliberately disabled GitHub's built-in secret-scanning/push-protection feature, the default guardrail that blocks publication of recognizable credential patterns, prior to committing the credential files. GitGuardian's automated scanner sent nine alerts about the exposure prior to May 15, 2026, none of which drew a response from CISA or Nightwing; Valadon then escalated directly and separately notified journalist Brian Krebs of KrebsOnSecurity. Independently, researcher Philippe Caturegli of Seralys validated that the exposed AWS credentials were still live. The repository was taken offline shortly after the escalation/notification (reported as roughly 26 hours), but the exposed AWS GovCloud keys remained valid for an additional 48+ hours before rotation completed, reflecting difficulty rotating credentials across CISA's interconnected federal and industry-partner systems.

In a subsequent postmortem, CISA's Acting CIO Preston Werntz and Acting CISO Brad Libbey wrote that "the complexities of the agency's systems and interconnections with federal and industry partners caused its key rotation to take longer than anticipated," and that "clear and distinct reporting channels are essential to ensure that incidents affecting the organization itself are handled differently from those involving its products or customers." The postmortem identified poorly defined self-incident reporting channels, a lack of GitHub/cloud-service-specific protocols in incident-response playbooks, insufficiently frequent (quarterly rather than continuous) secrets scanning, and contractor access-management gaps as root causes, while noting that CISA's enhanced logging and zero-trust controls allowed it to confirm no customer or mission data was compromised and that the leaked credentials were not used by external parties. Valadon publicly credited CISA for publishing a transparent writeup rather than burying the incident, noting most organizations do not.

This item is a policy/process advisory, not a vulnerability disclosure: it carries no CVE, CVSS score, known exploitation, or public PoC. It is documented here because it directly shapes vendor-facing disclosure practices that downstream threat-intel consumers rely on when triaging researcher reports, and because the underlying CISA credential-exposure incident — including the specific contractor (Nightwing), exposed internal systems (artifactory, LZ-DSO), and weak-password/disabled-secret-scanning failure modes — illustrates a concrete, real-world credential-in-public-repository failure chain that the new guidance is explicitly designed to prevent from recurring at other organizations.

## MITRE ATT&CK

- T1593.003 Code Repositories
- T1583.006 Web Services
- T1078.004 Cloud Accounts
- T1199 Trusted Relationship
- T1078.004 Cloud Accounts
- T1078.004 Cloud Accounts
- T1078.004 Cloud Accounts
- T1685 Disable or Modify Tools
- T1552.001 Credentials In Files
- T1552.004 Private Keys
- T1580 Cloud Infrastructure Discovery
- T1526 Cloud Service Discovery
- T1538 Cloud Service Dashboard
- T1530 Data from Cloud Storage
- T1213 Data from Information Repositories
- T1567 Exfiltration Over Web Service

## Sources

- [CISA and allies release joint coordinated vulnerability disclosure guidance](https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2026/07/16/cisa-coordinated-vulnerability-disclosure-guidance/)
- [CISA and Partners Publish Guidance to Help Software Manufacturers and Online Service Providers Work With Security Researchers](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/news/cisa-and-partners-publish-guidance-help-software-manufacturers-and-online-service-providers-work)
- [Establishing a Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure Program to Work With Security Researchers](https://www.cisa.gov/resources-tools/resources/establishing-coordinated-vulnerability-disclosure-program-work-security-researchers)
- [Joint Guide: Establishing a CVD Program to Work with Security Researchers (PDF)](https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/2026-07/joint-guide-establishing-a-cvd-program-to-work-with-security-researchers_508c.pdf)
- [CISA urges software vendors to formalize vulnerability disclosure programs](https://www.csoonline.com/article/4197733/cisa-urges-software-vendors-to-formalize-vulnerability-disclosure-programs.html)
- [CISA Admin Leaked AWS GovCloud Keys on Github](https://krebsonsecurity.com/2026/05/cisa-admin-leaked-aws-govcloud-keys-on-github/)
- [Lessons Learned from CISA's Recent GitHub Leak](https://krebsonsecurity.com/2026/07/lessons-learned-from-cisas-recent-github-leak/)
- [Contractor's public GitHub account exposed GovCloud and CISA credentials](https://www.csoonline.com/article/4173305/contractors-public-github-account-exposed-govcloud-and-cisa-credentials.html)
- [CISA Contractor Exposes AWS GovCloud Keys on GitHub, Report Says](https://www.technadu.com/cisa-contractor-exposed-aws-govcloud-keys-in-public-github-repository-report-says/627980/)
- [CISA leaked AWS GovCloud keys on GitHub for six months](https://www.techzine.eu/news/security/142869/cisa-leaked-aws-govcloud-keys-on-github-for-six-months/)

## Full data

Detection queries (Splunk SPL / Microsoft KQL / Sigma) and IOC values require the Threadlinqs MCP server (Purple tier): https://intel.threadlinqs.com/mcp

Canonical: https://intel.threadlinqs.com/threat/TL-2026-1419